What Are Fibroids

What is Myoma? – Patient Information Guide

What is Myoma?

Myomas are benign (non-cancerous) tumors originating from the muscular layer of the uterus (myometrium). They are one of the most common gynecological formations in women.

How Common Are They?

Myomas can be observed in approximately 30-50% of women of reproductive age. Most of the time, they are asymptomatic.

Types of Myoma

• Subserosal: Grows towards the outer surface of the uterus
• Intramural: Located within the uterine wall
• Submucosal: Grows towards the inner cavity of the uterus

Why Do They Occur?

Although the exact cause is unknown:
• Estrogen hormone
• Genetic predisposition
• Age and hormonal factors may be influential

Symptoms

• Menstrual irregularities or excessive bleeding
• Pelvic pain or pressure sensation
• Frequent urination
• Constipation
• Infertility in some cases

When Is Treatment Necessary?

• If there is severe bleeding
• If it causes pain
• If it grows rapidly
• If it affects pregnancy plans

How Is It Diagnosed?

• Gynecological examination
• Ultrasound
• MRI imaging if necessary

Treatment Options

• Follow-up (if asymptomatic)
• Medical treatment
• Myoma surgery (myomectomy)
• Uterus removal (hysterectomy)
• Minimally invasive methods (laparoscopy, vNOTES, etc.)

Do Myomas Turn into Cancer?

Myomas are generally benign. The likelihood of them turning into cancer is very low.

Clinical Fact

Many myomas are asymptomatic and do not require treatment. The decision for treatment is made based on the patient's complaints.

Conclusion

Myomas are common and generally harmless formations. However, when they cause symptoms, they can be managed with appropriate treatment.