Ovarian Cysts

What Are Ovarian Cysts? – Comprehensive Guide

What is an Ovarian Cyst?

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled structures that form within or on the ovary. They are quite common in women, and most are benign.

Why Do Ovarian Cysts Form?

The most common causes are functional cysts (follicular and corpus luteum cysts). Additionally, endometriosis (chocolate cyst), dermoid cysts, and cystadenomas may also be observed.

Types of Ovarian Cysts

Functional cysts, endometriomas (chocolate cysts), dermoid cysts, serous, and mucinous cysts are the most common types.

Symptoms

Most cysts do not cause symptoms. However, pelvic pain, bloating, menstrual irregularities, and pressure symptoms in large cysts may be observed.

Dangerous Symptoms

Sudden onset of severe pain (torsion), cyst rupture, rapid growth, and cysts appearing after menopause should be carefully evaluated.

How is a Diagnosis Made?

Transvaginal ultrasound is the most important diagnostic method. If necessary, further evaluation is performed with MRI and tumor markers (CA125, HE4).

Which Cysts Are Monitored?

Small, simple, and asymptomatic cysts are usually monitored, and most resolve on their own.

When is Surgery Necessary?

Surgical treatment may be required for large (>5-6 cm), symptomatic, suspicious, or persistent cysts.

Surgical Methods

Laparoscopic cystectomy is the most commonly performed method. Its minimally invasive nature allows for rapid recovery.

Ovarian Cysts and Endometriosis

Endometrioma (chocolate cyst) is a form of endometriosis and requires a different approach.

Conclusion

Ovarian cysts are mostly benign, but regular monitoring and proper evaluation are important.